Ancient Observatories in Iran

[Sunrise]

We know that, there were different observatories in ancient Iran

Of course these are just in our history & their remains are out of reach because of wars & other reasons

But historians give us some ideas about them

for ex. we could simulate the observational and computational tools of Maragheh observatory

here we can introduce them

[Sunrise]

http://www.geolocation.ws/i/P/44368539/827,1000

Current status of Maragheh observatory

[Fowad]

Thank you dear sunrise for your useful topic,great idea!

I think Maragheh Observatory is the most ancient one in Iran isn't it?
Sometimes ago,I have read an article about the danger that threats this ancient monument!because of some natural and abnormal reasons but totally it made an alas for me that those who responsible do not know their value...!:th_cry::banghead::sFun_bangdesk:
But now it has a better situation because some sympathetic people remain yet:have a nice day:

Do you have any information about the equipments in that observatory?like their astrolabe?Do you know where they are keeping them?in which museum?

[Sunrise]

thanks dear Fowd

I agree with you

Maragheh Observatory was the largest and most advanced observatory of the world before the invention of telescope

but it is a good question if we ask about their equipments & the method of their working

! because the astronomers of that age had calculated the position of stars very good

but because of having high precision they had made large instruments there for they could not move them


http://img.tebyan.net/big/1386/12/119209545232318568128544266120142171.jpg


A star globe now preserved in Dresden, Germany. It is a rare example decorative art from Azerbaijan of the 13th century,

but old astrolabes and other instruments are now in western museum such as royal museum in UK

also see this (http://www.astronomicalheritage.org/images/content/astroherit/WHC-internal/ch10cs1.pdf)

[lllll l lll lll l l ll]

Maragheh Observatory, which was set up in 657 AH by Khajeh Nassir Tousi, a noted Iranian scientist and astrologist, was once the most prestigious observatory in the world.
It still retains its glory in the heights of Maragheh, East Azarbaijan province.
Though significant parts of the structure are in ruins, the stone edifice and astrological signs across the 28-meter wide observatory to determine the direction of the stars easily represent the glorious background of this historical site.

Upon entering the observatory, a visitor is awed by the precision of astrological angles which once were based on the Meridian and the time zones throughout the world have been arranged using Maragheh as the reference point.

The observatory is currently covered with a dome-framed brass structure and is situated two kilometers west of Maragheh. Based on historical evidence, it was built on the order of the Ilkhanate king, Hulegu Khan (1256-1265 AD).
The engineering side of the construction was entrusted to Khajeh Nassir Tousi.
Other scientists including Allameh Qotbeddin Maraghei and Mohyeddin Maghrebi contributed to the project.
It took 15 years to build and equip the observatory. Some say that Hulegu brought astrology equipment from Baghdad when he overran the city.

To save the installation from further destruction, Iran’s Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization (ICHTO) built a dome-framed shelter and it plans to hold an exhibit of astrology devices used at Maragheh observatory.

What makes the observatory more attractive is the 20 meter to 44 meter deep wells and caves around it where astrologist Khajeh Nassir and his students could track down the movements and the location of stars in the sky.

[rock_iml]

But what a shame , there are no remains of it except a dome that you see in picture and a destroyed stand of one stone equipment

and 2 weeks ago the Information Technology Department close this location for a 2km radius area by barbed wire and nobody can enter

before that , nobody can take a photo by any camera from this observatory. If it's safeguards & soldires see you while you were taking a photo or looking in a binocular, they

will shoot you.

[lllll l lll lll l l ll]

dear rock_iml your irritation is perceptible for us but we can do nothing except keeping alive their histories & heritages

...I prefer going on

The Ulugh Beg Observatory is an observatory in Samarkand. Built in the 1420s by the Timurid astronomer Ulugh Beg, it is considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world. Some of the famous Islamic astronomers worked at the observatory
The goal of building this observatory was to support the astronomical study and it was completed five years later in 1429. Beg assigned his assistant and scholar Ali Qushji to take charge of the Ulugh Beg Observatory which was called Samarkand Observatory at that time. He worked there till Ulugh Beg was assassinated. Other notable astronomers made observations of celestial movements at the observatory, including Qāḍīzāda al-Rūmī (who took charge of the madrasah and observatory after Ali Qushji's death) and Jamshid Kashani

It is very important that we notice Samarghand was one of iranian cities in that centuries. The observatory was destroyed in 1449 and rediscovered in 1908



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Samarkand_observatoire_ulugh_beg.jpg/320px-Samarkand_observatoire_ulugh_beg.jpg (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Samarkand_observatoire_ulugh_beg.jpg/320px-Samarkand_observatoire_ulugh_beg.jpg)

[Negar Najafi]

Tusi convinced Hulegu Khan (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulegu_Khan) to construct an observatory for establishing accurate astronomical tables for better astrological predictions. Beginning in 1259, the Rasad Khaneh observatory (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragheh_observatory) was constructed in Azarbaijan (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azarbaijan), west of Maragheh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragheh), the capital of the Ilkhanate Empire (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilkhanate).

Based on the observations in this for the time being most advanced observatory, Tusi made very accurate tables of planetary movements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeris) as depicted in his book Zij-i ilkhani (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zij-i_ilkhani) (Ilkhanic Tables). This book contains astronomical tables for calculating the positions of the planets and the names of the stars. His model for the planetary system is believed to be the most advanced of his time, and was used extensively until the development of the heliocentric model in the time of Nicolaus Copernicus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus). Between Ptolemy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy) and Copernicus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicus), he is considered by many to be one of the most eminent astronomers of his time, and his work and theory in astronomy can also be compared to that of the Chinese scientist Shen Kuo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo) (1031-1095 AD)

For his planetary models, he invented a geometrical technique called a Tusi-couple (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusi-couple), which generates linear motion from the sum of two circular motions. He used this technique to replace Ptolemy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy)'s problematic equant (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equant) for many planets, but was unable to find a solution to Mercury, which was solved later by Ibn al-Shatir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Shatir) as well as Ali Qushji (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Qushji). The Tusi couple was later employed in Ibn al-Shatir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Shatir)'s geocentric model (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_model) and Nicolaus Copernicus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus)' heliocentric (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism) Copernican model (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_heliocentrism). He also calculated the value for the annual precession of the equinoxes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinox) and contributed to the construction and usage of some astronomical instruments including the astrolabe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolabe).

Ṭūsī criticized Ptolemy's use of observational evidence to show that the Earth was at rest, noting that such proofs were not decisive. Although it doesn't mean that he was a supporter of mobility of the earth, as he and his 16th-century commentator al-Bīrjandī (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Birjandi), maintained that the earth's immobility could be demonstrated, but only by physical principles found in natural philosophy. Tusi's criticisms of Ptolemy were similar to the arguments later used by Copernicus in 1543 to defend the Earth's rotation.

About the real essence of the Milky Way, Ṭūsī in his Tadhkira writes: "The Milky Way, i.e. the galaxy, is made up of a very large number of small, tightly-clustered stars, which, on account of their concentration and smallness, seem to be cloudy patches. because of this, it was likend to milk in color." Three centuries later the proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when Galileo Galilei (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei) used a telescope (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_telescope) to study the Milky Way and discovered that it is really composed of a huge number of faint stars.
source: wikipedia

[weberi]

امروزه کلینیک های زیادی برای انجام ایمپلنت دندان دایر شده اند که می توانید باتوجه به مکانی که زندگی می کنید یا بودجه ای که دارید یکی از آنها را انتخاب کنید.البته باید بگوییم که خود ایمپلنت انواع مختلفی دارد و پزشک باتوجه به شرایط شما یکی از این موارد را به شما پیشنهاد می دهد.ما در مرکز زیبیدنت با داشتن تیمی مجرب و همراه با چندین کلینیک در سطح تهران می توانیم خدمات مرتبط با مشاوره و درمان را با بهترین قیمت و در سریع ترین زمان ممکن به شما دوستان ارائه دهیم و تنها کافیست همین حالا با شماره های داخل سایت تماس حاصل فرمایید.
نکته دیگری که باید به آن اشاره داشته باشیم این است که متاسفانه بسیاری از پزشکان قبل از شروع کار یک جلسه مشاوره یا همان معاینه برایتان در نظر گرفته که گاهی مواقع پشت تلفن هم از شما پول می گیرند و باید بگوییم که تمام خدمات مشاوره ای زیبیدنت (https://zibident.com/) به شکل کاملا رایگان بوده و همچنین قیمت کارها بسیار پایین تر از سایر مراکز می باشد.
شاید برایتان این سوال به وجود بیاید که اصلا چه خدماتی در مرکز زیبیدنت (https://zibident.com/) انجام می شود؟ در جواب باید بگوییم که تمام خدمات مرتبط با زیبایی و سلامت دندان ها انجام می شود از جمله ایمپلنت,لمینت,کامپوزیت,ارت� �� �دنسی و ... و از طرفی دیگر ما بهترین کلینیک نزدیک به محل زندگی شما را پیشنهاد خواهیم داد که نیاز نباشد چندین ساعت در ترافیک باشید!

[ashrafi56]

هزینه ایمپلنت یک دندان چقدر میشه؟